Thanks that got me a bit further and it looked like it churned on the source files now but now it chokes on something else - I slightly changed the properties file to use utf-8 as encoding (because actually, they are ut8), removed the Tests directory and configured for Delphi 12.
This is the output:
PS C:\Users\sglienke\OneDrive\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Libraries\spring4d> C:\sonar-scanner-5.0.1.3006-windows\bin\sonar-scanner.bat -D"sonar.host.url=http://localhost:9000" -D"sonar.token=sqp_9e34b79bb165d468c3a7b8a5573f752bdb395aaa"
INFO: Scanner configuration file: C:\sonar-scanner-5.0.1.3006-windows\bin\..\conf\sonar-scanner.properties
INFO: Project root configuration file: C:\Users\sglienke\OneDrive\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Libraries\spring4d\sonar-project.properties
INFO: SonarScanner 5.0.1.3006
INFO: Java 17.0.7 Eclipse Adoptium (64-bit)
INFO: Windows 11 10.0 amd64
INFO: User cache: C:\Users\sglienke\.sonar\cache
INFO: Analyzing on SonarQube server 10.3.0.82913
INFO: Default locale: "de_DE", source code encoding: "utf-8"
INFO: Load global settings
INFO: Load global settings (done) | time=34ms
INFO: Server id: 147B411E-AYv-1yiBCDRj3k1Ntklw
INFO: User cache: C:\Users\sglienke\.sonar\cache
INFO: Load/download plugins
INFO: Load plugins index
INFO: Load plugins index (done) | time=16ms
INFO: Load/download plugins (done) | time=60ms
INFO: Process project properties
INFO: Process project properties (done) | time=10ms
INFO: Execute project builders
INFO: Execute project builders (done) | time=1ms
INFO: Project key: spring4d
INFO: Base dir: C:\Users\sglienke\OneDrive\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Libraries\spring4d
INFO: Working dir: C:\Users\sglienke\OneDrive\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Libraries\spring4d\.scannerwork
INFO: Load project settings for component key: 'spring4d'
INFO: Load project settings for component key: 'spring4d' (done) | time=12ms
INFO: Load quality profiles
INFO: Load quality profiles (done) | time=51ms
INFO: Load active rules
INFO: Load active rules (done) | time=1202ms
INFO: Load analysis cache
INFO: Load analysis cache (262 bytes) | time=8ms
INFO: Load project repositories
INFO: Load project repositories (done) | time=11ms
INFO: Indexing files...
INFO: Project configuration:
INFO: 180 files indexed
INFO: 0 files ignored because of scm ignore settings
INFO: Quality profile for delphi: Sonar way
INFO: Quality profile for php: Sonar way
INFO: ------------- Run sensors on module spring4d
INFO: Load metrics repository
INFO: Load metrics repository (done) | time=25ms
INFO: Sensor JaCoCo XML Report Importer [jacoco]
INFO: 'sonar.coverage.jacoco.xmlReportPaths' is not defined. Using default locations: target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml,target/site/jacoco-it/jacoco.xml,build/reports/jacoco/test/jacocoTestReport.xml
INFO: No report imported, no coverage information will be imported by JaCoCo XML Report Importer
INFO: Sensor JaCoCo XML Report Importer [jacoco] (done) | time=2ms
INFO: Sensor CSS Rules [javascript]
INFO: No CSS, PHP, HTML or VueJS files are found in the project. CSS analysis is skipped.
INFO: Sensor CSS Rules [javascript] (done) | time=0ms
INFO: Sensor C# Project Type Information [csharp]
INFO: Sensor C# Project Type Information [csharp] (done) | time=2ms
INFO: Sensor C# Analysis Log [csharp]
INFO: Sensor C# Analysis Log [csharp] (done) | time=40ms
INFO: Sensor C# Properties [csharp]
INFO: Sensor C# Properties [csharp] (done) | time=0ms
INFO: Sensor HTML [web]
INFO: Sensor HTML [web] (done) | time=29ms
INFO: Sensor DelphiSensor [communitydelphi]
INFO: Platform: WINDOWS
INFO: Architecture: X86
INFO: Compiler version: 36.0
INFO: Indexing 0 dproj file(s) and 0 groupproj file(s)...
INFO: Conditional defines: [ASSEMBLER, DCC, CPU386, CPUX86, UNICODE, MSWINDOWS, CPU32BITS, NATIVECODE, CONSOLE, WIN32, VER360, UNDERSCOREIMPORTNAME, CONDITIONALEXPRESSIONS]
INFO: Indexing System unit...
INFO: Indexing SysInit unit...
INFO: 176 source files to be indexed
INFO: 15/176 files indexed, current file: C:\Users\sglienke\OneDrive\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Libraries\spring4d\Source\Core\Container\Spring.Container.Core.pas
INFO: 22/176 files indexed, current file: C:\Users\sglienke\OneDrive\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Libraries\spring4d\Source\Base\Collections\Spring.Collections.pas
WARN: Ambiguous declarations could not be resolved
[Occurrence] RegisterType [441,12] <Spring.Container>java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3@735c49cc
WARN: Ambiguous declarations could not be resolved
[Occurrence] RegisterType [459,12] <Spring.Container>java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3@24411981
INFO: 176/176 source files have been indexed
INFO: 176 source files to be analyzed
ERROR: Error occurred while running DelphiCpdExecutor on file: Spring.pas
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to register token in file Source/Base/Spring.pas
at org.sonar.api.batch.sensor.cpd.internal.DefaultCpdTokens.addToken(DefaultCpdTokens.java:69)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiCpdExecutor.handleToken(DelphiCpdExecutor.java:44)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiTokenExecutor.execute(DelphiTokenExecutor.java:31)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiMasterExecutor.executeExecutor(DelphiMasterExecutor.java:74)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiMasterExecutor.execute(DelphiMasterExecutor.java:52)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.DelphiSensor.executeOnFiles(DelphiSensor.java:144)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.DelphiSensor.execute(DelphiSensor.java:83)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.AbstractSensorWrapper.analyse(AbstractSensorWrapper.java:64)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.execute(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:88)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.lambda$execute$1(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:61)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.withModuleStrategy(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:79)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.execute(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:61)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringModuleScanContainer.doAfterStart(SpringModuleScanContainer.java:82)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.startComponents(SpringComponentContainer.java:201)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.execute(SpringComponentContainer.java:180)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringProjectScanContainer.scan(SpringProjectScanContainer.java:398)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringProjectScanContainer.scanRecursively(SpringProjectScanContainer.java:394)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringProjectScanContainer.doAfterStart(SpringProjectScanContainer.java:363)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.startComponents(SpringComponentContainer.java:201)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.execute(SpringComponentContainer.java:180)
at org.sonar.scanner.bootstrap.SpringGlobalContainer.doAfterStart(SpringGlobalContainer.java:139)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.startComponents(SpringComponentContainer.java:201)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.execute(SpringComponentContainer.java:180)
at org.sonar.batch.bootstrapper.Batch.doExecute(Batch.java:71)
at org.sonar.batch.bootstrapper.Batch.execute(Batch.java:65)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.internal.batch.BatchIsolatedLauncher.execute(BatchIsolatedLauncher.java:46)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.internal.IsolatedLauncherProxy.invoke(IsolatedLauncherProxy.java:60)
at jdk.proxy1/jdk.proxy1.$Proxy0.execute(Unknown Source)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.EmbeddedScanner.doExecute(EmbeddedScanner.java:189)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.EmbeddedScanner.execute(EmbeddedScanner.java:138)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.cli.Main.execute(Main.java:126)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.cli.Main.execute(Main.java:81)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.cli.Main.main(Main.java:62)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 152 is not a valid line offset for pointer. File Source/Base/Spring.pas has 16 character(s) at line 1175
at org.sonar.api.utils.Preconditions.checkArgument(Preconditions.java:43)
at org.sonar.api.batch.fs.internal.DefaultInputFile.checkValid(DefaultInputFile.java:374)
at org.sonar.api.batch.fs.internal.DefaultInputFile.newPointer(DefaultInputFile.java:307)
at org.sonar.api.batch.fs.internal.DefaultInputFile.newRange(DefaultInputFile.java:323)
at org.sonar.api.batch.sensor.cpd.internal.DefaultCpdTokens.addToken(DefaultCpdTokens.java:67)
... 36 common frames omitted
INFO: Continuing with next executor.
ERROR: Error occurred while running DelphiHighlightExecutor on file: Spring.pas
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to highlight file Source/Base/Spring.pas
at org.sonar.api.batch.sensor.highlighting.internal.DefaultHighlighting.highlight(DefaultHighlighting.java:85)
at org.sonar.api.batch.sensor.highlighting.internal.DefaultHighlighting.highlight(DefaultHighlighting.java:37)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiHighlightExecutor.handleToken(DelphiHighlightExecutor.java:49)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiTokenExecutor.execute(DelphiTokenExecutor.java:31)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiMasterExecutor.executeExecutor(DelphiMasterExecutor.java:74)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.executor.DelphiMasterExecutor.execute(DelphiMasterExecutor.java:52)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.DelphiSensor.executeOnFiles(DelphiSensor.java:144)
at au.com.integradev.delphi.DelphiSensor.execute(DelphiSensor.java:83)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.AbstractSensorWrapper.analyse(AbstractSensorWrapper.java:64)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.execute(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:88)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.lambda$execute$1(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:61)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.withModuleStrategy(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:79)
at org.sonar.scanner.sensor.ModuleSensorsExecutor.execute(ModuleSensorsExecutor.java:61)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringModuleScanContainer.doAfterStart(SpringModuleScanContainer.java:82)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.startComponents(SpringComponentContainer.java:201)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.execute(SpringComponentContainer.java:180)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringProjectScanContainer.scan(SpringProjectScanContainer.java:398)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringProjectScanContainer.scanRecursively(SpringProjectScanContainer.java:394)
at org.sonar.scanner.scan.SpringProjectScanContainer.doAfterStart(SpringProjectScanContainer.java:363)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.startComponents(SpringComponentContainer.java:201)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.execute(SpringComponentContainer.java:180)
at org.sonar.scanner.bootstrap.SpringGlobalContainer.doAfterStart(SpringGlobalContainer.java:139)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.startComponents(SpringComponentContainer.java:201)
at org.sonar.core.platform.SpringComponentContainer.execute(SpringComponentContainer.java:180)
at org.sonar.batch.bootstrapper.Batch.doExecute(Batch.java:71)
at org.sonar.batch.bootstrapper.Batch.execute(Batch.java:65)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.internal.batch.BatchIsolatedLauncher.execute(BatchIsolatedLauncher.java:46)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.internal.IsolatedLauncherProxy.invoke(IsolatedLauncherProxy.java:60)
at jdk.proxy1/jdk.proxy1.$Proxy0.execute(Unknown Source)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.EmbeddedScanner.doExecute(EmbeddedScanner.java:189)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.api.EmbeddedScanner.execute(EmbeddedScanner.java:138)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.cli.Main.execute(Main.java:126)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.cli.Main.execute(Main.java:81)
at org.sonarsource.scanner.cli.Main.main(Main.java:62)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 152 is not a valid line offset for pointer. File Source/Base/Spring.pas has 16 character(s) at line 1175
at org.sonar.api.utils.Preconditions.checkArgument(Preconditions.java:43)
at org.sonar.api.batch.fs.internal.DefaultInputFile.checkValid(DefaultInputFile.java:374)
at org.sonar.api.batch.fs.internal.DefaultInputFile.newPointer(DefaultInputFile.java:307)
at org.sonar.api.batch.fs.internal.DefaultInputFile.newRange(DefaultInputFile.java:323)
at org.sonar.api.batch.sensor.highlighting.internal.DefaultHighlighting.highlight(DefaultHighlighting.java:83)
... 37 common frames omitted
INFO: Continuing with next executor.
INFO: 104/176 files analyzed, current file: C:\Users\sglienke\OneDrive\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\Libraries\spring4d\Source\Extensions\Utils\Spring.Utils.pas
INFO: 176/176 source files have been analyzed
INFO: Sensor DelphiSensor [communitydelphi] (done) | time=39484ms
INFO: Sensor DelphiCoverageSensor [communitydelphi]
INFO: Adding coverage reports.
INFO: No coverage reports specified (see 'sonar.delphi.coverage.reportPaths' property)
INFO: Sensor DelphiCoverageSensor [communitydelphi] (done) | time=0ms
INFO: Sensor Delphi NUnit Sensor [communitydelphi]
INFO: NUnit sensor execute...
INFO: No NUnit report directories specified (see 'sonar.delphi.nunit.reportPaths' property)
INFO: Sensor Delphi NUnit Sensor [communitydelphi] (done) | time=1ms
INFO: Sensor PHP sensor [php]
INFO: Starting PHP symbol indexer
INFO: 2 source files to be analyzed
INFO: 2/2 source files have been analyzed
INFO: Cached information of global symbols will be used for 0 out of 2 files. Global symbols were recomputed for the remaining files.
INFO: Starting PHP rules
INFO: 2 source files to be analyzed
INFO: 2/2 source files have been analyzed
INFO: The PHP analyzer was able to leverage cached data from previous analyses for 0 out of 2 files. These files were not parsed.
INFO: Sensor PHP sensor [php] (done) | time=103ms
INFO: Sensor Analyzer for "php.ini" files [php]
INFO: Sensor Analyzer for "php.ini" files [php] (done) | time=2ms
INFO: Sensor PHPUnit report sensor [php]
INFO: No PHPUnit tests reports provided (see 'sonar.php.tests.reportPath' property)
INFO: No PHPUnit coverage reports provided (see 'sonar.php.coverage.reportPaths' property)
INFO: Sensor PHPUnit report sensor [php] (done) | time=1ms
INFO: Sensor TextAndSecretsSensor [text]
INFO: 178 source files to be analyzed
INFO: 178/178 source files have been analyzed
INFO: Sensor TextAndSecretsSensor [text] (done) | time=2442ms
INFO: Sensor VB.NET Project Type Information [vbnet]
INFO: Sensor VB.NET Project Type Information [vbnet] (done) | time=1ms
INFO: Sensor VB.NET Analysis Log [vbnet]
INFO: Sensor VB.NET Analysis Log [vbnet] (done) | time=6ms
INFO: Sensor VB.NET Properties [vbnet]
INFO: Sensor VB.NET Properties [vbnet] (done) | time=0ms
INFO: Sensor IaC Docker Sensor [iac]
INFO: 0 source files to be analyzed
INFO: 0/0 source files have been analyzed
INFO: Sensor IaC Docker Sensor [iac] (done) | time=29ms
INFO: ------------- Run sensors on project
INFO: Sensor Analysis Warnings import [csharp]
INFO: Sensor Analysis Warnings import [csharp] (done) | time=1ms
INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor
INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor (done) | time=1ms
INFO: CPD Executor 4 files had no CPD blocks
INFO: CPD Executor Calculating CPD for 173 files
INFO: CPD Executor CPD calculation finished (done) | time=112ms
INFO: Analysis report generated in 155ms, dir size=9.7 MB
INFO: Analysis report compressed in 396ms, zip size=2.3 MB
INFO: Analysis report uploaded in 41ms
INFO: ANALYSIS SUCCESSFUL, you can find the results at: http://localhost:9000/dashboard?id=spring4d
INFO: Note that you will be able to access the updated dashboard once the server has processed the submitted analysis report
INFO: More about the report processing at http://localhost:9000/api/ce/task?id=AYv-6jR1xrBsIcdgHneQ
INFO: Analysis total time: 48.758 s
INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFO: EXECUTION SUCCESS
INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFO: Total time: 49.346s
INFO: Final Memory: 43M/240M
INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Okay it produced something - but again, like hundreds and thousands of obviously false positives.
Example:
Like, no? That method is later implemented via interface.
Or this one:

Yeah, clearly I am not using that local variable - I am just assigning to it in the very first line 
I could go on but I think you get the idea - don’t get me wrong - this looks promising but currently it does not provide any value with all the false positives.
I also did not find a way to turn off or modify the naming conventions because I know I name things a little different from classic Delphi code by using camelCase for parameters and local variables instead of PascalCase.
Edit: Nevermind, found it - extend and then in the child profile I can change 
P.S. The good thing is I have only 1 vulnerability in my code which is this one 
However after turning some of the noisy ones off there are some interesting ones - I am usually an “Assigned” user but apparently there are still like 130ish places that don’t 
And most of the CognitiveComplexityRoutine
are rather accurate - there are quite a few functions I would have split in smaller pieces if the Delphi compiler would properly inline 
Already asked my coworker to put up the docker container and plug it into our self hosted gitlab instance - now that will be some fun 